Friday06 December 2024
korr.in.ua

Nearly all languages worldwide follow a single rule, yet scientists have no idea why this phenomenon occurs.

Zipf's Law is a fascinating statistical phenomenon that was first described by George Kingsley Zipf approximately 80 years ago.
Практически все языки мира следуют одному и тому же правилу, но ученые не могут объяснить, почему это происходит.

Zipf's Law indicates that in most languages, the frequency of word usage follows a predictable distribution based on a power law principle. In simpler terms, the most common word in a language is used approximately twice as often as the second most common word, three times more than the third, and so forth. This law applies across all languages, from English to Mandarin, and intriguingly, even in undeciphered scripts like the Voynich Manuscript, as reported by IFL Science.

This frequency ranking scheme contradicts expectations. It would be logical to assume that word usage should be more uniform; however, language adheres to this clear mathematical pattern instead. The mystery lies in why such a rule exists universally, extending even beyond individual texts like Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species."

Various theories attempt to explain this linguistic oddity. Zipf himself suggested that it might result from a balance between minimizing effort for speakers and maximizing clarity for listeners. According to another hypothesis, common words gain frequency due to a snowball effect, becoming increasingly prominent as language evolves and spreads. Yet, no single theory has gained universal acceptance.

Zipf's Law is not merely a linguistic curiosity but also an existential question about human behavior and the predictability of language use. Today, there are tools available to analyze one's own texts for compliance with this law, revealing a level of predictability that can be surprising and disheartening. Even famous works, such as Shakespeare's "Hamlet," are subject to this phenomenon. The broad applicability of Zipf's Law continues to perplex linguists and mathematicians, leaving open the question of what underlies this deeply rooted linguistic pattern.

And also about the most kind and simple language in the world. In 2001, Sonja Lang, a Canadian linguist, created a super-simple language consisting of only 120 words. Although the number of words has now increased to 137, Toki Pona remains the simplest of all known languages.