Researchers were mistaken: a new study of remains from Pompeii challenges previous theories.

In 79 AD, the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in southern Italy buried the Roman city of Pompeii, preserving its inhabitants under layers of ash. Recent DNA studies of the ancient city's residents have revealed new details that challenge theories that have existed since the city's rediscovery in the 18th century, writes Phys.org.

Ancient DNA extracted from remains has uncovered surprising information about the identities and relationships of the individuals buried there. David Reich from Harvard University explained that genetic data often diverges from traditional interpretations.

For instance, one figure initially thought to be a mother holding her child turned out to be an unrelated adult male and child. Another pair, previously believed to be sisters or a mother and daughter, included at least one man.

The research team, which included Alice Mittnik from Harvard and David Caramelli from the University of Florence, utilized both ancient DNA and strontium isotope analysis to investigate the origins and relationships of Pompeii's inhabitants. Their study involved extracting DNA from 14 casts that are currently being restored, aiming to determine the genetic connections, origins, and genders of these individuals.

The findings suggest a complex society in which the population of Pompeii exhibits diverse origins, reflecting significant cultural exchange and mobility within the Roman Empire. Mittnik noted that these discoveries have profound implications for archaeology, emphasizing the need to integrate genetic data with historical and archaeological records to avoid false interpretations based on contemporary views.

The research underscores the necessity for an interdisciplinary approach, combining genetic analysis with traditional methods to unveil an accurate and detailed picture of the past. As Caramelli points out, historical narratives are often limited by the perspectives of their time, highlighting the importance of ongoing research to expand our understanding of ancient societies.

We also discussed the birthplace of Totonac culture. This site thrived between 200 and 100 BC and remained inhabited for several centuries thereafter.